History of Ancient Greece

Figure 1: The Acropolis and Parthenon. Retrieved from: www.indiana.edu

It was sometime inside the 13th century previous to Christ that Greek-speaking tribe known as the Achaeans came to the Aegean peninsula and allied themselves in the ancient men and women they found there; of adventurous ilk, these early Greeks had been seafarers and plunderers, and allegedly produced their most famous expedition against the city of Troy, located on a north-west corner of Asia Minor (Robinson 11-14). Around 900 B.C., Greek society, owning learned the art of writing from Phoenician merchants, began producing poems and verses to commemorate its beneficial and terrible wars, conquests and adventures (Robinson 14). It was, however, 776 B.C. that marked 2 significant events inside the origins of Greece: it was the very first recorded date in Greek history, and the first time the Olympic Games were celebrated (Garland 4). It was also in this century that the great lyrical poet Homer is thought to obtain made the Iliad as well as the Odyssey, each with regards to the Trojan War, and every between the most enduring works in all of literature.

The advent in the written word impacted ancient Greek society in a myriad of ways, many of which appear to coalesce inside early 7th century B.C.

Plato's both famous student, Aristotle, was instrumental in refining, criticizing, and expanding the jobs of Socrates and Plato, generating his individual works of philosophical brilliance, such as the seminal Nicomachean Ethics. Also worth noting, Aristotle was the tutor to one young Alexander, son of Philip II, king of Macedon. After the Peloponnesian War, the Greek epicenter of power moved northward to Macedon, governed by the ruthless and cunning King Philip II. By 338 B.C., Macedon had, under Philip's shrewd and relentless leadership defeated Athens and Thebes together in central Greece (Garland 15-16).

It is likely this flourishing cultural richness on the Athenian city-state, together with its impressive economic popularity as a versatile trading nation that prompted the Spartans to counteract it by waging war. The Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens lasted virtually thirty years and ended during the defeat of Athens in 404 B.C. (Garland 15). Interestingly, it was also during this time that the most famous on the ancient Greeks, Socrates, was teaching in Athens.

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